Our Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Ser40) rabbit polyclonal phosphospecific primary antibody from PhosphoSolutions is produced in-house. It detects many mammalian, and many non-mammalian Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Ser40) and is antigen affinity purified from pooled serum. It is great for use in WB, IHC, ICC.
Western blot of recombinant phospho-TH and non-phospho-TH showing selective immunolabeling by the phosphospecific antibody of the ~60 kDa TH phosphorylated at Ser40. The pan-specific antibody (anti-pan-TH) recognized both the phospho- and non-phospho-TH; while most importantly, the phospho-specific antibody (anti-Ser40 TH) recognized only phospho-TH.
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of the catecholamines Dopamine and Norepinephrine. TH antibodies can therefore be used as markers for dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in a variety of applications including depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease and drug abuse (Kish et al., 2001; Zhu et al., 2000; Zhu et al., 1999). TH antibodies can also be used to explore basic mechanisms of dopamine and norepinephrine signaling (Witkovsky et al., 2000; Salvatore et al., 2001; Dunkley et al., 2004). The activity of TH is also regulated by phosphorylation (Haycock et al., 1982; Haycock et al., 1992; Jedynak et al., 2002). Phospho-specific antibodies for the phosphorylation sites on TH can be used to great effect in studying this regulation and in identifying the cells in which TH phosphorylation occurs.
Antigen Affinity Purified from Pooled Serum
Polyclonal
IgG
ICC, IHC, WB
Rabbit
TH
60 kDa
Synthetic phospho-peptide corresponding to amino acid residues surrounding Ser40 of rat tyrosine hydroxylase, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
AB_2492279
Storage at -20°C is recommended, as aliquots may be taken without freeze/thawing due to presence of 50% glycerol. Stable for at least 1 year at -20°C.
Liquid
Prepared from pooled rabbit serum by affinity purification via sequential chromatography on phospho and non-phosphopeptide affinity columns.
10 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg per ml BSA and 50% glycerol.
Specific for endogenous levels of the ~60 kDa tyrosine hydroxylase protein phosphorylated at Ser40. Some higher molecular weight bands may be detected by the antibody depending upon the brain region being studied, protein loads and the detection methods used. The antibody has three orders of magnitude selectivity over non-phospho TH.
Phosphorylated
Ser40
Western blots performed on each lot.
For research use only. Not intended for therapeutic or diagnostic use. Use of all products is subject to our terms and conditions, which can be viewed on our website.
After date of receipt, stable for at least 1 year at -20°C.
Jorge-Finnigan, A., et al. 2017. Phosphorylation at serine 31 targets tyrosine hydroxylase to vesicles for transport along microtubules. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 292(34), pp.14092-14107.
Nakashima, A., et al. 2020. NT5DC2 affects the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase regulating its catalytic activity. Journal of Neural Transmission, pp.1-10.
Jorge-Finnigan, A., et al. 2017. Phosphorylation at serine 31 targets tyrosine hydroxylase to vesicles for transport along microtubules. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 292(34), pp.14092-14107.
Witkovsky, P, et al. 2000. Influence of light and neural circuitry on tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in the rat retina. Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 19(2), pp.105-116.
Jorge-Finnigan, A., et al. 2017. Phosphorylation at serine 31 targets tyrosine hydroxylase to vesicles for transport along microtubules. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 292(34), pp.14092-14107.
Salvatore, M.F, et al. 2001. Depolarization‐stimulated catecholamine biosynthesis: involvement of protein kinases and tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation sites in situ. Journal of neurochemistry, 79(2), pp.349-360.
Le, VQ, et al. 2023. Extracellular H+ Ions are a Novel Signal for Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activation in Catecholaminergic Cells. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 1774-1784.
Areal, L.B., et al. 2019. Neuronal scaffolding protein spinophilin is integral for cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and ERK1/2 activation. Molecular brain, 12(1), p.15.
Salvatore, M.F., et al. 2018. Prolonged increase in ser31 tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in substantia nigra following cessation of chronic methamphetamine. Neurotoxicology, 67, pp.121-128.
Bezem, M.T., et al. 2018. Stabilization of human tyrosine hydroxylase in maltodextrin nanoparticles for delivery to neuronal cells and tissue. Bioconjugate Chemistry Feb 21;29(2):493-502.
Salvatore, M.F., et al. 2016. Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase expression and phosphorylation in dopamine transporter-deficient mice. ACS chemical neuroscience, 7(7), pp.941-951.
Meyer, D.A., et al. 2008. Striatal dysregulation of Cdk5 alters locomotor responses to cocaine, motor learning, and dendritic morphology. PNAS, 105: 18561 - 18566.
Szigetvari, PD, et al. 2023. The effects of phenylalanine and tyrosine levels on dopamine production in rat PC12 cells. Implications for treatment of phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia type 1 and comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurochemistry international, 105629.
Kasanga, EA, et al. 2023. Nigral-specific increase in ser31 phosphorylation compensates for tyrosine hydroxylase protein and nigrostriatal neuron loss: Implications for delaying parkinsonian signs. Experimental Neurology, 114509.
Nakashima, A., et al. 2020. NT5DC2 affects the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase regulating its catalytic activity. Journal of Neural Transmission, pp.1-10.
Jorge-Finnigan, A., et al. 2017. Phosphorylation at serine 31 targets tyrosine hydroxylase to vesicles for transport along microtubules. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 292(34), pp.14092-14107.
Salvatore, M.F., et al. 2017. Dissociation of striatal dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase expression from aging-related motor decline: evidence from calorie restriction intervention. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, Dec 12;73(1):11-20.
Baroso-Chinea, P., et al. 2016. Long-term controlled GDNF over-expression reduces dopamine transporter activity without affecting tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the mesostriatal system rat. Neurobiology of Disease, 88:44-54.
Izumi, Y, et al. 2014. Endogenous dopamine is involved in the herbicide paraquat-induced dopaminergic cell death. Toxicological Sciences, 139(2), pp.466-478.
Salvatore, M.F., et al. 2014. ser31 tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation parallels differences in dopamine recovery in nigrostriatal pathway following 6‐OHDA lesion. Journal of neurochemistry, 129(3), 548-558.
McCutcheon, J.E., et al. 2012. Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area fire faster in adolescent rats than in adults. J Neurophysiology 108(6): 1620-1630.
Jedynak, J.P., et al. 2002. Acute administration of cocaine regulates the phosphorylation of serine‐19,‐31 and‐40 in tyrosine hydroxylase. Journal of neurochemistry, 82(2), pp.382-388.
Salvatore, M.F, et al. 2001. Depolarization‐stimulated catecholamine biosynthesis: involvement of protein kinases and tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation sites in situ. Journal of neurochemistry, 79(2), pp.349-360.
Bulk Order Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Ser40) Antibody